--Original published at *Psych 105*
Addiction is a rampant problem that impacts countless individuals and their families. Thankfully, as time has progressed, the understanding of how addiction works has increased and treatments have become more developed. Yet, there is no simple answer in regards to how to fix it; there is no perfect answer. At this point in time, there are two main models as to how addiction is treated: the abstinence model and the harm reduction model. While the abstinence model focuses mainly on cutting the addiction cold turkey in a group setting, like a 12 step program, the harm reduction model focuses on taking away some of the risky behavior associated with addiction. It seems to me that ultimately the abstinence model would be the most ideal, as the drug is completely removed from the individual’s life. However, we do not live in a perfect world and the physiological need for the drug can be stronger than will-power. The harm reduction model provides a means for the addicted person to begin the process of making healthier life decisions. While it is not completely eradicating the drug, it allows the addict to live in a safer environment. Through needle exchange programs and testing for laced drugs, the greater risk to society is reduced. It is more realistic to emphasize a program like this because it takes into account that no matter what, there will always be individuals that are going to be under the influence of the drug. The use of the harm reduction model could also be a means to progress into an abstinence treatment. Rather than choosing one or the other, utilizing both models could be the most beneficial.
If I were in the situation where one of my loved ones was grappling with addiction, I would want him or her to try and utilize the services in the harm reduction model. Addiction has biological effects as well, so services in the harm reduction model have the potential to help the individual work down from their addiction. It allows them to take steps his or herself; as well as take the steps necessary to continue treatment while remaining in a relatively safer environment. A concept that I learned in my social work class is that the services that are provided by this model, such as the needle exchange, are meant to be practiced without stigma. Essentially, the individuals that run these programs do so to provide a space where those who do have a problem can come without being judged or ostracized. This can make a world of difference for an individual who has been battling with drug addiction for an extended period of time. I would not recommend to the loved one that this path is the end all be all, but rather have it serve as a means to get the footing needed in order to make positive lifestyle and health changes that promote sobriety.