--Original published at Taylor'sEtownCollegeBlog

I chose to watch the mini Myth about changing lanes while driving. All this time, I thought that if you stayed in one lane then you will ultimately get to a place faster than if you were to change lanes.  After watching this short clip I did notice however some things that were positive about the experiment and some things that were negative about the experiment.

The positive things about the experiment were that as a group, “The Myth Busters” collectively came up with scientific questions that they could then use to form a hypothesis.  They also had a solid hypothesis about what they expected to occur through testing the experiment.  Along with the positive things come the negative things that were evident throughout the experiment.

The negatives of the experiment were that there were some controls that were not actually controlled. For example, each car could go different speeds. This meaning that at one point, one car could be speeding and going over the speed limit while the other was following the speed limit. There were also other parts of the experiment that did not follow the steps of the scientific process.

These steps include the analysis of the data, review of the data by peers, and for a theory to be built.  Because I viewed a shortened version of the actual episode, this could be the reason that I did not witness these steps.  Another negative to the experiment was that the other drivers on the road could not be controlled. Therefore, the two test drivers were at variation of the other drivers of the road. This could be improved by using a simulation instead of actual people driving on the road.  This way the other variables could be controlled by the computer.  Also, the way that the drivers was not shared, but however they were selected could have also impacted the way that the experiment was completed.  If the drivers were not selected at random, then a form of bias could have been used in selecting who would drive what car. The drivers should have been selected at random so that there could not be any type of bias when it came to who would drive the cars.

~Taylor

--Original published at Rachelsblog

I chose to watch the Mythbusters episode about traffic and if changing lanes gets you to your destination faster. I’ve always believed that changing lanes does get you to your destination faster than staying in one lane. After watching this video, I see that is not the case.

The method used in the episode was to put two cars on the highway during rush hour and while one car stays in the same lane the entire time, the other car weaves through traffic. I support this method and find it to be the best way to test if it this myth is actually true. Although, one weakness I found in the method was they used a very small car to weave, which makes it easier to do. Not everyone has the smallest cars, so while one person with a small car can weave their way through traffic, then the myth may be true for them. If another person tried to do this with a big car that doesn’t have the advantage of being able to weave as easily as the small car, then the myth may not be as true for them.

One way they can change their method to fully test their method is to have more than two cars on the road going through the experiment. They should test it with cars of different sizes. They also should test this experiment in different types of traffic. This myth may be true on a 4 lane highway because there is more room to merge, but is it the same for a 2 lane? Making these changes to the method may help to find a more true answer to the myth.

--Original published at jennacampanellipsych

For this first impression I chose to critique a Mythbusters video, Cell phone vs Drunk driving. In this video they try to find out which is really more dangerous- talking on the cell phone while drinking or driving under the influence of alcohol. They decided to test this by doing three trials in a car with a driving instructor. They did these trials in a parking lot and not on a road, which was one of the strengths. Doing this made it not dangerous for any other drivers. First they drove through the course without the cellphone or alcohol. I thought this was a strength because they got to get used to the tasks they would be doing without any distractions. Next, they did a trial while on a cellphone call. They had another person on the other side of the phone giving them things to repeat back to them and asking questions. I thought that the way they went about this trial was a weakness. It was not realistic to be doing that on the phone, even though phone calls are distracting while driving. The last trial they did was driving under the influence. They drank then got behind the wheel. The problem with this is everyone reacts to alcohol differently, so you can not make a broad assumption based on three people’s reactions to it. They should of had a bigger test group for all of this so they could of seen all sorts of different people’s reactions before saying one thing is worse than the other. Overall, I think it was creative way to try this and it did show a lot about how people react while driving under the influence and on the phone, but you can not infer that this is the 100% truth based on just this experiment.

--Original published at HuntersCollegeBlog

One topic in psychology that I find fascinating, is why people react the way that they do to certain things. Why does ice cream make little kids happy? Why are some people terrified of planes? Not only how they feel, but how does their body react when they see something they love, vs. something they fear. I want to further research how people respond differently to their fears, specifically, and why they respond in that way. A lot of people share the common fear of clowns, so I want to figure out how/why each person reacts the way that they do when they’re faced with their fears.

My research question would be how/why do people react differently to their fears. My hypothesis would be that some people may react a variety of ways, because each person has a different coping mechanism, or something they feel more comfortable around.  People who had a stuffed animal to hold onto when they were scared as a little kid, may still tend to want to hold onto something, because when they were little, that was a safe space.  Other people may run away, look away, or even go into a ball on the ground. On the health side of things, heart rates could spike, or sweating or nausea could occur. So what I want to know is why people react differently.

I would start testing my hypothesis by gathering people of all ages, who claim they are afraid of clowns. I would then bring them into a room, and ask them what started their fear of clowns. Depending on if a clown at a carnival was chasing them, or if they saw a clown on TV, could impact how they react. I would then ask them on a scale of 1-10 what their anxiety levels are at that given moment. Then, they would be taken into a room, backs facing the front of the room. There would be one person dressed up as a clown, and a clown on a TV screen. Then, each person would have to face both the real clown and the clown on TV two separate times. I would record how they reacted to each, whether one time it would be running away from the real clown, or just closing their eyes when they saw the one on the TV. I would also record how their anxiety levels changed.  I would take note of each individual’s reaction to each instance of the clown, and based on what started their fear of clowns, I could answer how they reacted, and why they reacted the way they did to the real and TV clown. By getting to the root cause, and seeing in person how they reacted, the fear could possibly go away with the correct help.

--Original published at Sydney’s Side

In the Mythbusters mini-myth, “Do Men Really Find Blondes More Attractive?” there are lots of room for error but there were many strengths that portrayed in the clip as well. In order to test the question, the researchers had to determine what all of their variables were. The independent variable was hair color and the dependent variable was the score they received after their date. It measured attractiveness on a scale of five, likability on a scale of five, and the percentage of men that would go out on a date again.

In the mini-myth, it is hard to determine attractiveness because not all people define it in the same way. But the Mythbusters did an excellent job by making sure the women had the same features, just different hair color. By giving each girl a wig and changing the hair color between rounds, it allowed for different men to see the same person, just with different hair. Additionally, keeping a time limit in the dates ensured that everyone has the same amount of time to get to know their date. If each date had different times some people may discover they do not like each other or they may learn they like each other a lot more than they would know in three minutes. After each date, the men rated the women on a score card which is a strength because they all used the same scale. Finally, the men did not know the real reason they were there. If they had known they were doing an experiment on blondes, it may have made them more susceptible to rate blondes higher on the score card.

On the other hand, since attractiveness is up for interpretation it is difficult to fully get rid of bias. Some men prefer different hair colors and if there are not enough trials of the study outliers may stand out more than others. In order to fix this, have more trials because when there are more people, there is less room for outliers. Additionally, wigs are different from real hair because they make the head look bigger. If there had been more time for this study, the women could have had their hair dyed and styled the same way every time. The women that participated could also act differently toward the men that come to their tables. Perhaps they became tired from repeated dates or they have their own bias toward the men which could affect their likability. In order to fix this, the women could be given intermediate breaks as well go through a training to eliminate their own bias. Attractiveness is difficult to define, therefore the entire experiment is based on the opinions of different men. Once again, having more trials would help to gather a consensus in order to get rid of some outliers. Finally, the women could have changed clothes between rounds which could also affect the way the men thought of their attractiveness. To eliminate this, they could be kept in the same wardrobe throughout all of the experiments.

--Original published at Makayla Hockenbrock

For my first blog prompt, I chose to critique the mini-myth of “Are Women Better Than Men at Reading Emotions?”, that the Mythbusters performed. The gist of the experiment was the “busters” took pictures of their faces expressing different emotions, then showed only their eyes to the test subjects. The number of emotions answered correctly between the men and the women were recorded and analyzed. After watching the video, I noticed some strengths and weaknesses that were performed throughout the study. I based my strengths and weaknesses off what I already know from psychology and performing experiments.

First let’s discuss the strengths of the experiment that I noticed. The Mythbusters used multiple people to study. They took pictures of more than one person’s emotions. This is a strength because to perform an experiment and receive adequate data, one would need more than one variable. Also, different people show emotions differently. Another strength that I picked up on was they brought in test subjects who did not know the “busters”. This is a strength because the subjects are coming in blind as to who they will be trying to read. This is the first time the subjects are seeing the emotions of the “busters” which is good because the recording is the initial response, not the rehearsed reaction. Keeping track of the subjects guesses and how many each got right is also a strength. This allows the data to be analyzed and kept track of so nothing is lost or forgotten. A points scale was also identified so that everyone was on the same page. After all data was collected the average for each gender was calculated and the myth proved that women are better at reading emotions compared to men. Averaging the data is a strength because this allows all the data collected to be compared with two numbers side by side.

Now let’s look at the weaknesses that I noticed in this experiment. They threw out someone’s pictures because they were all the same. This is a weakness because they are throwing out evidence or a variable from the whole experiment. Another weakness is that they are only showing the eyes for the subjects to determine the emotion. On some people, more than just the eyes show emotion, and sometimes the eyes look the same for two different emotions depending on the person. After data was collected, they showed the insight of the female brain and not the male brain. This does not allow the viewers to see the differences between each genders way of thinking to determine what emotion is being shown. Even though averaging the data is a strength, it is also a weakness. It is a weakness because it is generalizing all the women and all the men into one person. If there is an outlier in each gender, that will bring the average up or down, which can be misleading if that is the only data published for the viewers to see.

So how can these weaknesses be modified so they are better? First, the pictures that were thrown out can be kept, or if they are going to get rid of that person’s emotion, they should add someone else. Instead of only showing the eyes, they could show the whole face. This allows all the aspects of the emotion to be shown. Showing both insights of the two genders brain, will also be an improvement to the weakness of only showing the females way of thinking. Not averaging the data is difficult, but there are ways to change it. Instead of averaging all the data, if there are outliers, one could get rid of them in both genders, and then proceed to average the remaining numbers. Another fix would be to just use no average at all, however, that could become a difficult aspect to get a final answer.

So, there is my critique of the Mythbusters mini-myth on “Are Women Better Than Men at Reading Emotions”.

Best,

Makayla

--Original published at Rachel Bickelman's PSY 105 Blog

The research question I’d like to explore is how stress affects memory. I hypothesize that when under stress, short term memory improves because the brain will be working harder to memorize the information. The independent variable would be the time given to memorize a deck of cards and the dependent variable would be how many cards were recalled. Supplies needed would not be costly, a deck of cards and a stopwatch.

In order to test this research question and hypothesis I would use hypothetic-deductive reasoning. My data would come from two randomly assigned groups of students with similar IQs and in the same cohort year to ensure that the independent variable will be the only entity tested and the sample is the same. I would recruit students by printing a list of all students in the same graduating class, rolling a dice and choosing each student counting by the number on the dice. For example, if the number was five, every fifth student would be contacted. The first 30 to respond would be chosen. Because all students are in the same year and admitted into the same college, their IQs are likely to be similar. This assumption though could cause flaws but this factor is glanced over because it would be too time consuming to gather the information.

In Group 1, students would be told they have up to twenty minutes to memorize a deck of cards (the number and suit) and to take their time. On the other hand, in Group 2 students would be told they only have exactly two minutes to memorize a deck of cards (the number and suit). Each student would receive a newly shuffled deck of cards to ensure they were not listening to the person before them. Manipulating the time and urgency in which students had to memorize the cards would be observed if it affected memory recall.

Students would be given points for how many cards they could recall in order (number and suit). Points would immediately end if a card was not in the order. For example, three points means three cards were recited in exact order of number and suit. These points would be recorded and compared to one another to see if the time made a difference in memory recall. After the results were collected, I would analyze this data and either accept or reject my original hypothesis.

--Original published at Manami PSY105blog

People’s behaviors are influenced on their background or how they were raised. In other words, we can see the cultural differences easily from people’s behavior in daily life. I chose option 1 to create a research study. My topic would be cultural differences between Asian people and Western people. The reason I have picked this topic is that I know how Asian people act because I am Japanese and have spent time with Asian students here a lot. Beside this, it is easy to find differences between Asian students and American students through my study abroad experiences. 

My research question is, “How do Asian people and American people behave differently in society such as school?”

My hypothesis is that Asian people tend to gather together by finding similarities visually and make a comfortable group that stays together. Compared to them, American people tend to care for personalities and respect differences, and also, tend to act individually. 

I would gather a number of participants who are Asian students and American students. I would ask some of my international friends from Asian countries such as Japan, China, Korea and Vietnam. I also would be able to ask some American friends at this college. In addition, I would need to prepare one room and a lunch box. I will ask them to take a seat and choose what they would want to eat for lunch normally. In my opinion, Asian tends to sit next to Asian and eat together, or they will make their own world with their cellphone even though they sit together. On the other hand, American do not care where they sit and they will talk and introduce themselves to people who are sitting closely.  They will try to find similarities based on their personality and background by communicating. After that, I will suggest them to make a group and give them a mission, such as cleaning the lunch box and dishes. Asian people will work together, while American people may do only their own dishes. Asian people also will try to watch how the other act first.

All my ideas are based on my observation in the US. Therefore, I still need to know more American perspective.  

--Original published at Jayln's Perspective

After our first week of classes, the branch of psychology I am the most fascinated by is Cognitive Psychology. Although there are a lot of topics that could be researched in this branch of psychology, I am specifically interested in studying attention. In psychology, attention is a mental process that deals with how humans process or react to what is happening around them. When a lot of stimuli is occurring around humans, I believe that the brain prioritizes what it will pay the most attention to.

My research question would be: out of a room full of stimuli, what objects/sounds/colors/etc. does the human mind pay the most attention to? My hypothesis would be: in the average young adult’s mind, specific sounds and objects are picked up on more than colors and shapes are.  However, when testing a different population, one in which toddlers were being observed, I believe they would pick up on colors and shapes rather than specific words or sounds.

In order to test my hypothesis and begin my research, I would need to gather a good amount of participants: a group of young adults and a group of toddlers. I would ask my peers in my FYS if they would participate in my study on young adult minds. Then, I would ask a kindergarten teacher from my old high school if I could come in and run a quick test on the toddlers to test their attention spans. I would place 10 college students in one room, and 10 toddlers in another, providing each room with the same amount and the same exact kinds of specific stimuli. I would play light rock music in the background, have building blocks of all different shapes, sizes, and colors in the front of the classroom, a computer read out a list of various words, and a powerpoint running through a slideshow of 10 different colors on the front whiteboard. After 2-3 minutes, I would gather the students one by one and ask them to give me a detailed list of everything they saw or what all they heard in the classroom. I would record their age at the top of the paper and then write out their answers. At the end of each interview, I would go through the papers and compare the different age groups and which common stimuli was partial to each group. I would then see if my hypothesis was correct based on which group paid attention to which details.

--Original published at RachelsCollegeBlog

The topic that I would choose to create a research study on would be dreams. Dreams are something that I am curious about, as it seems to be something that everyone has. Some dreams, almost every person seems to come into encounter with, like falling from or off of something. While some dreams are individualized and only the individual dreams about the scenario.

My research question would be, what dreams occur the most and what are the situations that may cause that dream to occur? My hypothesis would be that someone who is more stressed or lacking sleep will have a more disturbing or violent dream than someone that is relaxed and is always well rested. Someone who is stressed will most likely have more on there mind when falling asleep about everything that is going wrong or is causing them so much stress. That then will carry over to their dreams. Someone who is relaxed and not worried may have a more relaxed and simple dream.

My procedure would start by recruiting participants. I would go around to students on my college campus and ask them if they would be wiling to participate in my study. I would then have a meeting with them and ask them some question about their sleeping habits, amount of stress they are under, eating habits before bed, the time that they normal go to sleep. This will allow me to assess the different variables that may be included in this study and group together those that would be the best participants in my study, allowing there to be the least amount of variation so that my study will be accurate and not skewed due to different habits. I would ask the chosen participants to then record the amount of sleep they got each night as well as there stress level before going to bed, what they consumed up to an hour before going to bed, and if they dreamed or not. If they did dream I would ask them to express what went on their dream. This would allow me to see the different outside aspects that could have effected there dreams. I would have them do this for about a month so I have multiple statistics to go off of for my evidence.