--Original published at Emily's college blog
Many Americans believe their pets
play a significant role by being part of their family, but perhaps large
numbers of people do not realize their pets can also play a role in positively
affecting their sleep quality and sleep routines. Researchers from the Animal
Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation at Canisius College conducted a survey to
explore the impacts pets have on human sleep quality. They restricted their
online survey to female participants who resided in the United States and sent
the survey to previous participants who had volunteered for their other experiments
while also posting the survey on their Facebook page.
The researchers collected data from
962 adult women who were living in the United States and found 55% of
participants shared their bed with at least one dog, while 31% of participants
shared their bed with at least one cat, and 57% of participants shared their
bed with a human partner.
Through the survey questions, the
researchers were able to measure the sleep components tied to sleep quality
deficits, the components that show signs of sleep deprivation. If the
participant’s score exceeded five of the twenty-one components, an indication
of sleep quality deficits was noted. Measurements of the average wake times and
bedtimes, as well as the levels of comfort, security, and disturbance from pets
were also noted.
In the results, the researchers
found women who shared their bed with dogs had fewer sleep disturbances, as
well as stronger feelings of comfort throughout the night than women who did
not share their bed with their dog. It was also found that having a dog bed
partner strengthens circadian rhythms, the 24-hour sleep-wake cycle which
influences important bodily functions. The researchers explained that this
could be due to dogs getting up and going to bed at roughly the same time every
day.
Although dogs were found to have
positive effects on pet owners who allowed them to sleep in their bed, there
was no correlation between cats and a good night’s sleep or stronger circadian
rhythms. In fact, cats actually had negative results for being equivalent or
even more disturbing than human partners during the night. Cats also do not go
to bed or wake up at the same time each day, thus they have no effect on their
owner’s circadian rhythms.
A few cautions should be warned
when discussing the results of this survey. First, 58% of the people who
participated in the survey resided in the state of New York (where the
researchers had conducted the survey). Since over half of their participants
resided where the researchers were doing their research, the experiment could potentially
be seen as biased to outsiders, since the results are supposed to represent all
the women in the United States. Secondly, the researchers for this survey
announced that more research is needed in order to show a stronger relationship
between the sleep quality of pet owners and their dogs. Lastly, the researchers did not take into
account the breeds of dogs that could be more likely to cause a better night’s
sleep than another type of breed. For example, one breed could be known for
snoring, kicking legs in their sleep, barking at noises in the middle of the
night, etc.
Overall, this survey suggested an
improved quality of sleep and comfort for women who shared their beds with
their dogs, however, their findings did not support a strong enough relationship
between dogs and sleep quality, so therefore more research is needed to better
support the findings.
Reflection
In my summary, I made sure to
include information that would be important for answering all five critical
questions for reading research. I wanted to make the research summary
straightforward and easy to comprehend. This way, a non-psychologist would be
able to understand the results and findings that were discussed. I did not
include any p-values or the specific types of studies and methods that would be
needed in order to find a stronger relationship between pets and sleep quality
of humans. I did not want the reader to be confused by p-values or the numbers they
represent. I also did not want to go into too much detail about what the future
studies and methods would entail since it would be off topic from the summary
findings.
The news article and my summary both discussed
the percentages of participants in each group, the results from pet owners who
slept with dogs versus those who slept with cats, the caution of not knowing
which breeds would be a better sleep partner, and who conducted the survey. The
news article, however, did not include information describing the selection of
participants for the study, information describing the weak relationships in
the results, or information describing the 58% of participants who resided
where the research took place. They also excluded how the researchers measured
the sleep and comfort quality of participants. I chose to include the information
that was not in the pop culture article because I think excluding those points would
establish assumptions and leave some unanswered questions about the research. Specifically,
the information including how the researchers measured the women’s sleep
quality, how they chose the participants, and how they assigned the
participants into groups allows the reader to answer the five critical
questions. From knowing those details of the experiment, the reader will know
the participants were not randomly assigned to the experiment and were not
randomly assigned into groups.
Writing about psychology research
through these three assignments, has taught me that authors have the power to influence
reader conclusions by choosing to exclude relevant information. By leaving out
important information or being purposely biased towards an experiment, an
author is able to potentially persuade a reader to his or her point of view. Also,
in order to generate more readers, an author could also exaggerate the findings
from an experiment or make generalized statements. I also learned about the
difficulties associated with writing pop culture news articles. If a study is
complex and requires some background knowledge in the field, it can be challenging
for the author to write a short, engaging article for the reader to understand.
Lastly, I learned to look for the critical questions in news articles
discussing research experiments. If the article is missing adequate information
to answer the questions, perhaps it is not a reliable source. Writing my own
pop culture article demonstrated the power authors have in order to persuade
viewpoints and generate readers, while also showing me the hard work in selecting
information for the article as well as being aware of information a common
reader will not understand.
Citations
Coren, Stanley. “Do Women Get
Better Sleep Next to a Person or a Dog?” Psychology
Today, Sussex Publishers, 24 Jan. 2019, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/canine-corner/201901/do-women-get-better-sleep-next-person-or-dog,
27 January 2019.
Hoffman, Christy
L., Stutz, Kaylee, and Vasilopoulos, Terri. “An Examination of Adult Women’s
Sleep Quality and Sleep Routines in Relation to Pet Ownership and Bedsharing.” Anthrozoös, Routledge, 13 November 2018,
DOI: 10.1080/08927936.2018.1529354,
15 March 2019.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/canine-corner/201901/do-women-get-better-sleep-next-person-or-dog
https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2018.1529354